So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. So these speakers have internalized this idea from their language, and they believe that it's right. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and Lots of languages make a distinction between things that are accidents and things that are intentional actions. Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. BORODITSKY: Well, you would be at sea at first. (Speaking Japanese). BORODITSKY: Yeah. And a girl goes in this pile. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right? MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. We call this language Gumbuzi. . You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. Copyright 2023 Steno. I said, you know, this weird thing happened. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. So there are these wonderful studies by Alexander Giora where he asked kids learning Finnish, English and Hebrew as their first languages basically, are you a boy or a girl? And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. Newsletter: All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. Hidden Brain Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. And what's cool about languages, like the languages spoken in Pormpuraaw, is that they don't use words like left and right, and instead, everything is placed in cardinal directions like north, south, east and west. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. That said, if you hear one or two pieces of music that you really love, feel free to email us at [emailprotected] and well do our best to respond to your request. Bu Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. He didn't like that people were shortening the words. That is the most random thing. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. John, you've noted that humans have been using language for a very long time, but for most of that time language has been about talking. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. And then he would take a Polaroid of the kid and say, well, this is you. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. So the word for the is different for women than for men, and it's also different for forks versus spoons and things like that. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. But they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. But things can be important not just because they're big. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. And it's not just about how we think about time. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. We don't want to be like that. So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. It's not something that you typically go out trying to do intentionally. This week on Hidden Brain, we explore how unconscious bias can infect a culture and how a police shooting may say as much about a community as it does about individuals. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. But might we allow that there's probably a part of all human beings that wants to look down on somebody else. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. For more of our Relationships 2.0 series, check out one of our most popular episodes ever about why marriages are so hard. Hidden Brain. And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. Maybe it's even less than a hundred meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your coat on over your pajamas and put your boots on and go outside and walk those hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness. It's never happened. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? How come you aren't exactly the way you were 10 years ago? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. In many languages, nouns are gendered. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Stay with us. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes But it's a lovely example of how language can guide you to discover something about the world that might take you longer to discover if you didn't have that information in language. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. Language was talk. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. We'll be back momentarily. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. How so? Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? They give us a sense that the meanings of words are fixed, when in fact they're not. So there are some differences that are as big as you can possibly measure. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. I'm Shankar Vedantam. And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. Special thanks to Adam Cole, who wrote and performed our rendition of "The Hokey Pokey." We always knew that certain species of animals had abilities to orient that we thought were better than human, and we always had some biological excuse for why we couldn't do it. So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. If you liked . Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe, watching Netflix or something. And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. It should be thought of as fun. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. That's the way words are, too. So act like Monday. Because it was. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. I'm Shankar Vedantam. If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Lawrence S. Krieger, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2004. Women under about 30 in the United States, when they're excited or they're trying to underline a point, putting uh at the end of things. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air For more on decision-making, check out our episode on how to make wiser choices. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? They're more likely to see through this little game that language has played on them. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. Copyright 2018 NPR. Today's episode was the first in our You 2.0 series, which runs all this month. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking foreign language). And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. Hidden Brain Feb 23, 2023 Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. They are ways of seeing the world. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". And one thing that we've noticed is that around the world, people rely on space to organize time. VEDANTAM: If languages are shaped by the way people see the world, but they also shape how people see the world, what does this mean for people who are bilingual? She once visited an aboriginal community in northern Australia and found the language they spoke forced her mind to work in new ways. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. And dead languages never change, and some of us might prefer those. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. So you have speakers of two different languages look at the same event and come away with different memories of what happened because of the structure of their languages and the way they would normally describe them. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #11: (Speaking Russian). - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. There's a way of speaking right. When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. So earlier things are on the left. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. That was somehow a dad's fashion, and that I should start wearing flat-fronted pants. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable Hidden Brain Episodes Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. That's what it's all about. I'm Shankar Vedantam. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? You know, lots of people blow off steam about something they think is wrong, but very few people are willing to get involved and do something about it. So that, again, is a huge difference. They can be small differences but important in other ways. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. The best Podcast API to search all podcasts and episodes. But I find that people now usually use the word to mean very soon, as in we're going to board the plane momentarily. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #16: Not figuratively, it's literally MCWHORTER: Yeah. And they asked me all kinds of questions about them. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? I'm Shankar Vedantam. This is Hidden Brain. L. Gable, et. For example, if you take seeds and put them in the ground, that's one thing. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. Whats going on here? You can't touch time. Parents and peers influence our major life choices, but they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. And the answer should be, north, northeast in the far distance; how about you? MCWHORTER: It's a matter of fashion, pure and simple. They are ways of seeing the world. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. It's not necessarily may I please have, but may I have, I'll have, but not can I get a. I find it just vulgar for reasons that as you can see I can't even do what I would call defending. They know which way is which. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to sav, Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. That is the direction of writing in Hebrew and Arabic, going from right to left. Read the episode transcript. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. But if they were sitting facing north, they would lay out the story from right to left. Imagine this. Each generation hears things and interprets things slightly differently from the previous one. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. And this is NPR. Listen on the Reuters app. Whats going on here? And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Hidden Brain - Transcripts Hidden Brain - Transcripts Subscribe 435 episodes Share Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. And very competent adults of our culture can't do that. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. "Most of the laughter we produce is purely . UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. It might irritate you slightly to hear somebody say something like, I need less books instead of fewer books. Not without written permission. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. 4.62. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. And then question 21 was, is this person a man or a woman? So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. They often feel angry about it, and you think this anger is actually telling. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Subscribe Visit website Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our. It has to do with the word momentarily. So you can't see time. When we come back, I'm going to ask you about why languages change and whether there are hidden rules that shape why some words are more likely to evolve than others. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. So it's mendokusai. You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. Languages are not just tools. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. That is exactly why you should say fewer books instead of less books in some situations and, yes, Billy and I went to the store rather than the perfectly natural Billy and me went to the store. You can support Hidden Brain indirectly by giving to your local NPR station, or you can provide direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page.
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