difference between alexandrian and antiochene christology pdf

In large measure, Origen inherited this de-historicizing and allegorizing approach to Scripture from two earlier Alexandrians: Philo and Clement. [22], Second, Origen believes that the letter of the law is unattainable. Had a great experience here. Este es a la vez poderoso y frgil, majestuoso y humilde. [12] The critical edition of Origens commentary in the original Latin can be found in Caroline P. Hammond Bammel, Der Rmerbriefkommentar des Origenes: kritische Ausgabe der bersetzung Rufins, vols. Finally, I will conclude by arguing that the Reformed traditions approach to Mosaic Law contains both Alexandrian and Antiochene elements. It would be a mistake to say that the literal sense of a text was irrelevant for Origen; rather, discerning the literal sense was the necessary means by which one could attain the spiritual sense. Given the various theological controversies that existed in Origens day, it is no surprise that his commentary evinces a somewhat polemical character. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. James O. Duke (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 1:174-78. Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. Rather, the destruction of the Jewish temple in AD 70 nullified literal observance of the law. Origen, Contra Celsum, 1.4-5; 5.37. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. 0000000867 00000 n Clement (d. ca. El historiador contemporneo Scrates Scholasticus calific a Nestorio de hombre orgulloso e ignorante, cuyo innato e indiscutible poder de oratoria ocult una debilidad de pensamiento incisivo. According to Marcion, the material world was created by an inferior deity known as a Demiurge, who revealed himself to the Hebrews and gave them a law of strict retributive justice. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. 42 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 44 /H [ 940 297 ] /L 26946 /E 10052 /N 4 /T 25988 >> endobj xref 42 26 0000000016 00000 n I was in search of an online course; Perfect e Learn Therefore, Origen understands the contrast between law and gospel not as one of judgment versus mercy, but rather imperfect religion versus perfect religion. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. [14] Origen was persuaded that all rational creatures, excepting young children,[15] were accountable to some law or another. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In spite of some of his more idiosyncratic conclusions, Origen developed an exegetical method that would have a profound impact on subsequent theologians. Cyril insists that Mary, the mother of God, should be called Theotokos. 85-160), whose name has become synonymous with an excessively lowview of the Old Testament. Towards the aim, Perfect E learn has already carved out a niche for itself in India and GCC countries as an online class provider at reasonable cost, serving hundreds of students. This distinction corresponds in some degree to his distinction between letter and spirit, and it is only the ceremonial law as letter that Origen rejects. In particular, I will focus on his Commentary on Romans and show how his hermeneutical distinction between letter and spirit favors the continuity of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. Make note of their respective leaders and methodologies, The Christology of the Coptic Orthodox Church, Conditioning Christology in the Early Church, Church History Lesson 17 -Christological Controversies to Chalcedon (451, The Result of the Christological Debate in the Council of Chalcedon, Christological Heresies Related to the Person and Natures of Jesus -Hammons.docx, Appealing to Creed: Theodore of Mopsuestia and Cyril of Alexandria, LOGOS-SARX CHRISTOLOGY AND THE SIXTH-CENTURY MIAENERGISM, The Mystery of the Incarnation: Towards a Reconciliation of Cyril and Nestorius, Divine Suffering & the Christological Vocabularies of St Cyril. Whether or not one is persuaded of Edwardss argument here, it is true that Origen sees bodily existence as basically good. On the other hand, Gnostic interpreters often denigrated Mosaic Law by ascribing it to an inferior deity, compelling Christians to defend the inspiration and authority of the Old Testament. The Letter and the Spirit: A History of Interpretation from Origen to Luther (New York: Peter Lang, 1995), 16. the 10/12 Board Such blending of Greek and Jewish categories is also seen in his handling of Mosaic Law. [18] Cf. Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. Where Presbyterian faith meets postmodern culture. WebThe Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological Thoughts1 Many scholars attribute the problem of the Christological formula concerning the nature of Christ "Mia-physis and Dyophyses" to the controversy between the Alexandrian and the Antiochian theology. MBA is a two year master degree program for students who want to gain the confidence to lead boldly and challenge conventional thinking in the global marketplace. In other words, Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. 0000002908 00000 n This Demiurge was not inherently evil, but was nevertheless inferior to the God of love and compassion revealed by Jesus. [18] In fact, throughout his Romans commentary, Origen arguesthat Paul speaks more often of natural law than Mosaic Law. These are the somatic, the psychic, and the pneumatic senses. "Abstract. These and works of a similar nature are the works by which he says no one can be saved[21], Three observations ought to be noted here. Two interpretive traditions emerged: the Alexandrian and the Antiochene. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. Against this backdrop, it would be tempting to claim that Origen himself must have imbibed too much of Platonic thought. One of Origens fullest treatments of the Mosaic Law is found in his Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. 0000001216 00000 n This article questions the value of the categories the school of Antioch and Antiochene christology on the basis of the significant theological differences between the two central figures in the school: John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, both of whom studied together at the school of Diodore of Tarsus in the late fourth century. [3] According to Elizabeth Lauro, the somatic sense can be understood as literal, whereas the psychic and pneumatic senses are non-literal. All the courses are of global standards and recognized by competent authorities, thus 0000008102 00000 n Theological Controversy in the Seventh Century Concerning Activities and Wills in Christ. Supervised by Andrew Louth, (University of Durham, 2004). The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. [2] Even during his own lifetime, he would prove to be a controversial figure. 0000008998 00000 n MIRABILIA 17, Home Eletronic Journal of Antiquity & Middle Ages Journal of the Institut d' Estudis Medievals (UAB), Journal of Early Christian Studies 17.3 (2009): 381-419, Vigiliae Christianae 65.4 (2011): 376-407. He was endowed with a brilliant mind and a zeal for orthodoxy, but sometimes his efforts to combat heresies would cause him to over-correct in heterodox directions. HVr6j.qR q}|HHOil$!R3Bok2'?ad #BHQ"Z7+:sGi iU`cVAwy2ZDOKu*&4Yd? In fact, Philo goes so far as to say that Greek philosophers must have appropriated their thought from Moses himself. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. This method is set forth most explicitly in his work De Principiis (On First Principles), and is also evident in his numerous commentaries. Edwards also questions the common assumption that Origen held to a doctrine of the pre-existence of the soul. For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated For Origen, God ordained this historical event in order to guide his people from the letter to the spirit. 0000007102 00000 n WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. One of his favorite phrases is: The Logos suffered impassibly. Origens doctrine of the body seems to directly parallel his doctrine of biblical interpretation. Change). WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. [8] Wai-Shing Chau. We follow a systematic approach to the process of learning, examining and certifying. [6] But such truth was often expressed in the form of enigmas, symbols, and allegories. 0000007699 00000 n WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. The letter brings death when it is separated from the spirit, and when it is turned into an end in itself rather than a means to the end of spiritual obedience. In Cyrils letters against to Nestorius, Cyril not only defends the title Theotokos against accusations that it was reviving the heresy of Apollinariusm, but he denies the very legitimacy of using alternative Christological schemes a such as the association of personas the Antiochian thinkers had spoken of. 845 (2012) 153-177. 0000009410 00000 n [19] This supports Origens insistence that there is no distinction between Jew and Gentile. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: The Christology of the Fourth Letter of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite: Chalcedonian or Monophysite? [23] But the reason for this is historical rather than anthropological. In response to these teachings of Marcion, Origen defended the positive value and continuing relevance of Mosaic Law for Christians. There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his [1] The Alexandrian tradition thus placed a heavier emphasis on the trans-historical, spiritual meaning of Scripture, while the Antiochene tradition stressed the primacy of the literal, historically situated meaning of Scripture. Although Philo was Jewish, his impact would prove to be far greater on later Christian interpreters, such as Clement. For him, God the Logos raised the dead Lazarus, while the man Jesus wept at the tomb. Alexandria and Antioch had developed very different views on the matter: The Alexandrian school leaned towards Christs humanity and divinity being absorbed into each other while Antioch leaned towards maintaining the human and divine in Christ as two separate beings. Origen identifies the content of natural law with what is known as the second table of the law, encompassing such prohibitions as murder, adultery, and false testimony. For himself, he says, he has chosen to be on the. This sets up another important distinction in Origens conception of Mosaic Lawnamely, that between the ceremonial law and the moral law. Nestorius argued that Theotokos did not do justice to the fact that, strictly speaking, Mary was not the mother of God but rather the mother of the man whom Christian faith recognizes as divine and thus calls God. He found, in the expressions Mother of God and God suffering, little more than an ignorant piety that had cut so many corners in its implications that it stood very close to pagan mythical conceptions of the deity. [5] His anthropology followed the Greek notion of the inferiority of the physical to the rational, but he still affirmed the Jewish notion of God as Creator. More often, however, Origen makes use of a merely twofold distinction between the literal sense and the spiritual sense, in accordance with Pauls terminology of letter and spirit (2 Cor. [20] In this respect, one sees a clear overlap with the content of Mosaic Law, and especially the Ten Commandments. [] Note: this is the second part of a paper originally written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. 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Perfect E Learn is committed to impart quality education through online mode of learning the future of education across the globe in an international perspective. Por otro lado, el trmino Anthropotokos reconoce que Mara es la madre de este hombre, pero dicho trmino puede en s mismo dar a entender que l no es ms que un hombre, lo cual de nuevo es ofensivo a la fe cristiana ortodoxa en la deidad de Cristo. [1] Donald Fairbairn, Patristic Exegesis and Theology: The Cart and the Horse, Westminster Theological Journal 69 (2007), 10-11; Brevard Childs, The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004), 132-33; Frances Young, Alexandrian and Antiochene Exegesis, in History of Biblical Interpretation, ed. (LogOut/ [17] All of these laws, however, were in some sense an expression of Gods unchanging moral will. Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: This makes Origen unique among early Christian interpreters in ascribing such a pedagogical significance to the fall of Jerusalem. [12] This is the only commentary of Origens to have survived from beginning to end, even though it has been significantly truncated in the Latin translation of Rufinus of Aquileia (only a few scattered fragments of the original Greek still exist). develop their business skills and accelerate their career program. Angels were bound to natural law,[16] Gentiles to natural and civil laws, Jews to natural and ceremonial laws, and Christians to the law of Christ. WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. program which is essential for my career growth. ", Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions, Anglican Theological Review 94:3 (Summer), De Medio Aevo 2 (2012 / 2) ISSN-e 2255-5889. [11] Jews insisted on the total application of Mosaic Law, while Gnostics repudiated Mosaic Law altogether, but both camps were guilty of carnal exegesis. 16 and 33, Vetus Latina: Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel (Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 1990-1998). 0000008123 00000 n [4] Elizabeth Lauro, Reconsidering Origens Two Higher Senses of Scriptural Meaning: Identifying the Psychic and Pneumatic Senses, in Studia Patristica 34, ed. WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. (LogOut/ i.e, word became flesh. Quite the contrary, Origen believes that the letter of the Mosaic Law brought the beginnings of life to humanity. Conceiving Orthodox Christology, reviewing Cyril - pillar of faith'- Miaphysite Soteriology, in light of recent theological research, by Kasper, McGuckin, Meunier, Schoonenberg, Wickham, et al, Dogma and spirituality in Cyrillian logic. Palabras clave: Theotokos, Anthropotokos, Cristologa, Mariologa, Cirilo de Alejandra. Such aberrations in theology persuaded his own bishop Demetrius to denounce him as a heretic, and many of Origens views would be condemned in AD 553 at the Fifth Ecumenical Council in Constantinople. If Jesus was only human, Cyril argues, and God was elsewhere, the Incarnation, the Word become flesh, would be meaningless. In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. have discontinued my MBA as I got a sudden job opportunity after Alexandria and Antioch had developed very different views on the matter: The Alexandrian school leaned towards Christs humanity and divinity being absorbed into each other while Antioch leaned towards maintaining the human and divine in Christ as two separate beings. Para l, el Logos de Dios resucit a Lzaro de la muerte, mientras que el hombre Jess llor ante su tumba.

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