african american patent attorneys

Take that on.. A U.S. Patent and Trademark Office council will begin tackling a huge challenge this year: boosting the percentage of patent owners who are Blacka figure that hovers in the single digits by some estimates. The Confederate states allowed slave owners to patent the inventions of their slaves. The PTO created a council, which will meet for the first time this year, to develop a plan to promote the participation of underrepresented groups in the patent system. Los Angeles Uzodima Frank Aba-Onu Optum Eden Prairie Aji Abiedu Freedom Forever Temecula Chauna Abner McGuireWoods LLP - Baltimore Baltimore Reginald Abrams, Sr. Law Office of Reginald W. Abrams, Sr., L.L.C. The average Patent Attorney is 46 years old. Filed Under: Of Patents and Prizes, Women in the Republic of Enterprise Tagged With: diversity, intellectual property, patents, women, The Mystery of the Missing Minority Millionairess, A Halloween Debate: Diversity and Exclusion, Who was the First U.S. Economics Professor? With a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry, Dr. Black combines a strong scientific background and legal training to assist clients in obtaining and making use of their intellectual property rights. Dr. Bruce E. Black is a registered patent attorney and specializes in domestic and international patent procurement, client counseling, licensing, and due diligence for innovations in the areas of medical devices, chemistry, physics, materials science, biotechnology, mechanical arts, and software. Born on September 1, 1857, in Columbia, Mississippi, Baker made it his mission to identify and publicly highlight the contributions of black inventors. No. Now, he said, corporations need to put their money where their mouth is and stop claiming they cant find Black IP lawyers for a case. Recognizing innovation in the legal technology sector for working on precedent-setting, game-changing projects and initiatives. US Supreme Court Rules That Patentee Maintains Burden of Proving Infringement in Actions Brought by Licensee, (Article, Board Oversight of IP Strategy (F&L National Directors Institute, 11/13), How Bad Is It, Counselor?What Do You Mean, I Don't Know?! Law Offices of Gary Martin Hays & Associates An active participant in several professional organizations, Ms. Allgaier is a lifetime member of the Black Women Lawyers Association of Greater Chicago, Inc., and she also belongs to the National Association of Patent Practitioners and the American Intellectual Property Law Association. Our estimates are verified against BLS, Census, and current job openings data for accuracy. One of the first Black women in U.S. history to receive a patent, she expanded upon . Even before she became the famous author we know today, she was already making history: At just 16 years old, she became the first black female streetcar conductor in San . The second-most popular foreign language spoken is Mandarin at 20.0% and Japanese is the third-most popular at 12.7%. ABWA is partnering with the Dominican Bar Association to host a series of police reform webinars, which will update our members on the steps that are being taken to ensure more just policing practices. Your article was successfully shared with the contacts you provided. Site Map, Advertise| When I introduce myself at conferences or events and give my elevator pitch, the surprise is often palpable.. The decision essentially precluded Black people from patenting their inventions. With little recourse to the courts, African Americans would have found it nearly impossible to fight patent infringement, even if they had been represented by white attorneys, Cook wrote. Jeanne has been selected by her peers for inclusion inThe Best Lawyers in America in the fields of Food & Beverage Law (2015-2023) and Litigation Intellectual Property (2017-2023) given her representation of many food/beverage and consumer products companies and work on IP matters; IAM Patent 1000 The Worlds Leading Patent Practitioners (since 2012); Benchmark Litigations Local Litigation Star (2018); Benchmark Litigations Top 250 Women in Litigation (2017); Managing IPs Top 250 Women in IP (2013) & IP Stars (since 2013); The Legal 500 US (Patent/Trade Secret Litigation, 2007, 2010; Patent Transactional, 2014-2015); Leading Lawyers (Patent Law, 2012-2013); LawDragon 3000 for IP (2011); Leadership Excellence in the Law Award (National Diversity Council, 2014); the countrys "Top Minority IP Partners" by AIPLA & MCCA (2003); the Nations Best Advocates: 40 Lawyers Under 40 Award by NBA & IMPACT (2010); the less than 5% of Illinois attorneys selected for inclusion in Illinois Super Lawyers (2005-2006, 20082018); the notable lawyers in Whos Who in Black Chicago (1st/3rd eds); and by Crains Chicago Business (2017) inaugural list of "Chicagos Most Influential Minority Lawyers." Jeanne is admitted to practice in Illinois, the Federal Circuit, the Seventh Circuit, and various federal district courts, in addition to the United States Patent & Trademark Office. Being laser focused on the opportunities afforded Black lawyers and the outcomes will allow firms to course correct for any potential disparate impact associated with long standing practices, Drayton said. On the Early Breakfast Relebogile Mabotja spoke to the First Black Female Patent . If you are a person of color, particularly a Black person, and you want to find a lawyer who is not going to think of you as intellectually inferior, who is not going to have some of those barriers and those implicit biases that may exist, its hard, Johnson said. Letsallget involved. This is perfect for attorneys licensed in multiple jurisdictions or for attorneys that have fulfilled their CLE requirement but need to access resourceful information for their practice areas. He has particular experience in patent preparation, prosecution and counseling in the fields of medical devices, optics, semiconductors, superconductors, lasers, solid state physics, RF and radar electronics, television/display technologies, software, electrochemical and optical sensors, organic and organometallic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, polymers and DNA assays. Alexander notes that in patent cases in particular - where . We see strings of them every year, well beyond the subset captured on video.. Its one of those statistics thats hard to wrap your head around. P.C. That may have a dampening effect on Black people seeking intellectual property rights. When combined with the census entry, these documented sources confirm the validity of the statement that Miriam E. Benjamin was the first black woman to practice as a patent attorney.. BS, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Texas Southern University, MS, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Texas SouthernUniversity (Summa CumLaude, With High Honors), JD, University of Illinois Chicago Law School, Top 25 Trial Lawyers The National Trial Lawyers National Women (Specialty Division), Top Women Attorneys in Illinois Rising Stars, Top Attorneys in Illinois Rising Stars 2014-2021, Lifetime Member of Black Women Lawyers Association of Chicago, American Intellectual Property Law Association, National Association of Patent Practitioners, Texas Southern University Distinguished Alumni Award. We service our national and international client base remotely and through our offices in Seattle, WA and affiliates in San Francisco, CA. B.S. Her trial experience includes bet the company cases with several hundreds of millions at stake, e.g., In re Certain Multi-Stage Fuel Vapor Canister Systems and Activated Carbon Components Thereof (Inv. Jennings invented a way to dry-clean clothes in 1821. A law firm with a large IP department that includes paralegals and patent agents can ensure that those ranks are diverse. And you recruit at the law schools they attend. Boston, MA pays an annual average wage of $119,512, the highest in the US. That was pivotal, Waldrop said. Yes, Patent Attorney jobs are male - dominated. 475,749 for a bicycle clip in 1892, two years before he graduated from Boston University School of Law. She may have obtained informal legal training, but that is pure speculation, without any reliable supporting evidence. The diversity gap in the patent system has deep historical roots, Northeastern University law professor Kara Swanson said. But there should be no reason a black lawyer isnt pitching, Turner said. He was born in Canada but raised in Michigan, before being sent to study in Scotland at age 15. One change he hopes to see in the IP bar is more opportunities for black lawyers to prove themselves in the courtroom. Clothes Line Support December 12, 1895 551,105 . Jamaalfrequently lectures on intellectual property law to attorneys and other professionals. The same goes for the privilege and willingness to take advantage of systemic racism that we all witnessed in the recent video from Central Park, he said, referring to a viral video of Amy Cooper calling the cops on Christian Cooper, a black man who asked that she leash her dog. The figures are particularly damning for African American lawyers. In addition, the industry that employs the most patent attorneys is the professional industry. Don't miss the crucial news and insights you need to make informed legal decisions. She is also frequently quoted by publications such as Law360, Managing Intellectual Property, BNAs Patent Trademark & Copyright Journal, and The Wall Street Journal. Well strive to move the needle on diversity and inclusion efforts across the legal industry. There are relatively simple steps that firms can take too. 497,747 in 1893 for an improvement on Broom Moisteners and Bridles. The rights to the invention were assigned at issue to Miriam, and she signed the document as the patent attorney (you can view her signature at the bottom of the linked patent drawing). Legalweek New York explores Business and Regulatory Trends, Technology and Talent drivers impacting law firms. Contact Us| In the late 19th century, it was improved upon by Sarah Boone, an African American woman who was born enslaved. Years ago, she said, a Black deputy general counsel at a Fortune 500 company got Gills a meeting with the outfits White general counsel. At OC Patent Lawyer, we serve clients throughout Orange County and Los Angeles County, California from our office in Irvine, California. By comparison, 5% of attorneys in the U.S. are Black, according to the American Bar Association. After finding the gender ratio, we wondered if the percentages of LGBT persons were different as well. Assistant District Attorney Responsibilities, Assistant State Attorney Responsibilities, Document Review Attorney Responsibilities, 20.7% of all patent attorneys are women, while, The average age of an employed patent attorney is. I do hope that it is a catalyst for real change. We created this chart to show you the average size of companies that typically hire patent attorneys. Law.com Compass delivers you the full scope of information, from the rankings of the Am Law 200 and NLJ 500 to intricate details and comparisons of firms financials, staffing, clients, news and events. Jeffer Mangels Butler & Mitchell LLP - Patent Litigation Lawyer. Richard E.S. Patents Lawyer Serving Los Angeles, CA. Benjamin was granted patents for her ideas, and this is sufficient to demonstrate that her discoveries were original and distinct from previous inventions. B. Among the roughly 8% of students in ABA accredited law schools who are Black, many are first generation law students, and may not have strong insight regarding the structure of law school, Dike said. The most common degree for patent attorneys is bachelor's degree 45% of patent attorneys earn that degree. Jeanne acts as lead trial counsel in complex patent, trade secret, trademark, copyright, and unfair competition litigation and appeals including USPTO post-grant proceedings in diverse industries ranging from electronics to biotechnology. The average age of an employed patent attorney is 46 years old. Theres a willingness to discuss the root causes of discrimination, not just the symptoms. During law school, she worked in the Law Office of the Cook County Public Defender as a senior law student, representing clients who had been charged with misdemeanors and felonies. Which State Has The Most Patent Attorneys? That practice, in and of itself, said this process is not for you, said Shontavia Johnson, an attorney and entrepreneur who also serves as associate vice president for entrepreneurship and innovation at Clemson University. Emerging technologies your clients are talking about (ACC Seminar, 3/15), Hot Topics in IP and Advertising/Promotions (Client CLE, 2/15), Patent Litigation: Jury Considerations (Practical Law Webinar, 1/15), Strategies for Winning NPE Litigation (Client CLE, 11/14), IPx: Evolution to Revolution (Chair, F&L 10th Annual IP Conference, 9/14), Right-sizing the Approach in Defending Against NPE Claims (MIP International Womens Leadership Forum, 6/14). Honored as an Up & Coming Attorney by Missouri Lawyers Weekly, 2021, Top 100 Black Lawyers, The National Black Lawyers, 2015, Bar Association of Metropolitan St. Louis, University of Wisconsin Law School, J.D., 2007, Marquette University, B.S., Biomedical Engineering, 2004. You cant just wait until you have some applicants in law school to start diversity efforts, Longsworth said. in biology from Texas Southern University in 1994, Ms. Allgaier went on to graduate in 1996 summa cum laude with an M.S. As a member of the American Bar Association, Ms. Allgaier belongs to its Business Law Section and its Section of Intellectual Property Law. The offices of patent attorneys (all white at the time) were in white-only commercial districts, hindering African American inventors from applying for patents, Cook wrote in an often-cited 2013 study that examined patent activity from 1870 to 1940. Do I care? The National Association of Minority & Women Owned Law Firms (NAMWOLF), founded in 2001, is a nonprofit trade association comprised of minority and women owned law firms and other interested parties throughout the United States. Youre not looking hard enough., To contact the reporter on this story: Ian Lopez in Washington at ilopez@bloombergindustry.com, To contact the editors responsible for this story: Bernard Kohn at bkohn@bloombergindustry.com; Keith Perine at kperine@bloombergindustry.com, Learn more about a Bloomberg Law subscription, Left to right: Gaby Longsworth, Sterne Kessler; Azuka Dike, Banner Witcoff; Jeanne Gills, Foley & Lardner, Jonathan Hurtarte/Bloomberg Industry Group. We represent clients in northern Georgia and throughout the U.S. Each attorney is granted unlimited access to high quality, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry along with administrative access to easily manage CLE for the entire team. Their president, Jefferson Davis, had unsuccessfully tried before to get a U.S. patent on a propeller invented by a man, Benjamin Montgomery, enslaved by his brother, according to research from University of Kentucky law professor Brian Frye. He counts Kasowitz as a friend. American History. 10 Sure-Fire Ways to Ignite Your Passion and Career! (CCWC, 9/17), Current and Emerging Issues Related to Patents (Client CLE, 3/17), Get Ready Now! Stinson Patent Attorneys Assist Client with Acoustically Transparent Face Mask, Stinson Partner Jamaal Jordan Recognized as Up & Coming Attorney by, beyond the medical device field representing clients in a variety of industries, including power management and building construction. Jeanne serves as a director with the Chicago State Foundation Board. We should be saying that cannot stand in 2020. Researchers point to the Supreme Courts infamous 1857 Dred Scott ruling that Americans of African descent, whether free or enslaved, were not U.S. citizens. Allgaier Patent Solutions Janet Emerson Bashen became the first black woman to. Women Earn 93 For Every $1 Earned By Men. Pierce, the Venable lawyer who remembered being called really articulate, said that occurred after an in-person presentation to a group of executives at a potential client company regarding a patent case. From there, a firm can pay for the candidate to take the patent offices bar exam, meaning the candidate can then help clients in the process of obtaining a patent. The patent is one of the so-called "X-patents," a group of 10,000 or so patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office between its creation in 1790 and 1836, when a fire began in . All of us should feel terrible about black women making up less than 1% of the equity partners in law firms, Gills said. Well continue lifting as we rise. Well be inviting experts to discuss ways to have meaningful conversations in our respective companies and organizations. Best Patent Attorneys near you Savage Consulting Expert Attorneys Established Law Firms In All Areas Of Law 5.0 (4) Miami, FL 33125 55 years in business Request a quote View Profile Vanst Law, LLC. Stan Gibson is a trial lawyer who focuses on high-stakes cases involving technology. Benjamin trained to be a teacher in a Massachusetts normal school, and in 1884 passed the civil service exam very creditably, allowing her to work as a federal government clerk in Washington D.C. Four years later, in 1888, she enrolled in the Medical School at Howard University, but dropped out in the first year. Some law firms are looking to increase the pipeline by going beyond recruiting from top law schools. Born as Marguerite Johnson on April 4, 1928, Maya Angelou was a renowned poet, educator, and civil rights activist who moved to the Bay Area at the age of 14. The rarity of being a Black intellectual property lawyer in the United States hits home for the 1.7% of attorneys who fit that description. 79% of Patent Attorneys are male, and 20% are female, so there are more male Patent Attorneys than female Patent Attorneys in the United States. What Joseph L. Rini Knows, Attorney Rachel Y. Marshall A Pillar of Strength for the Community, SpotDraft Raises $26 Million in Series A Funding for AI-Powered Legal Software. Im on the executive committee of the firm. After extensive research and analysis, Zippia's data science team found that: 20.7% of patent attorneys are women and 79.3% of patent attorneys are men. The greater horror is that they were nothing new, he said. We found most patent attorneys work for a private company. Patents & Trademarks. For someone like Kirklands Turner, its almost like he has to be not just good, but fantastic, superlative to succeed. Women, Influence & Power in Law UK Awards honors women lawyers who have made a remarkable difference in the legal profession. Duane Morris energy attorneys assist clients with advisory, regulatory, litigation, transactional and legislative matters involving environmental, energy and natural resources issues. Miriam Benjamin later worked in Edgars prosperous general law practice, and the 1920 census lists her occupation as a patent attorney. Atlanta patent lawyer J.T. Phone (206) 420-6057 Fax (206) 420-6051 Biography Dr. Bruce E. Black is a registered patent attorney and specializes in domestic and international patent procurement, client counseling, licensing, and due diligence for innovations in the areas of medical devices, chemistry, physics, materials science, biotechnology, mechanical arts, and software. Jamaals IP expertise relates to both the mechanical and electrical arts and covers a broad range of inventions and patents including medical devices, electrical support systems, construction fasteners, seismic construction, air handling systems, metal fabrication, LED lighting systems, footwear, fabrics, and organic compositions. But she also said Black attorneys like her have faced a higher hurdle when trying to secure client work. With this subscription you will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry. Those industries include professional, manufacturing and technology. She is a member (or participant in the activities) of several bar associations (or IP sections thereof), including AIPLA, ABA, INTA, CBA, NBA, CCWC, MCCA, IPLAC, BWLA, and CCBA. As a dialogue springs up around systemic racism, Kirkland partner Ellisen Turner and other lawyers discuss the legal industry's failure to recognize and reward the achievements of black patent attorneys. Apart from racism, Black IP attorneys say there are distinct reasons why they make up just 1.7% of their specialty, a figure based on a survey by the American Intellectual Property Law Association. Theyre really at the top of the industry, Turner said. The California Association of Black Lawyers. With Such Low Win Rates, Should Law Firms Respond to So Many RFPs? When Griffin polled colleagues and clients, who ranged from small business owners to NASA engineers, on when they learned about patents, and that they had value, most said either in graduate school or after starting their careers. Although formal barriers to the patent system were removed with the abolition of slavery and the passage of the 14th Amendmentwhich guarantees citizenship to anyone born in the U.S.studies show Black inventors continued to face legal and societal obstacles. For more information, please see our Cookie Policy. He knows my wife. The greater horror is that they were nothing new, he said. He knows my kids, Waldrop said. Researchers say the underrepresentation means the U.S. is missing out on significant inventions, with fewer perspectives and ideas in the pipeline. Women and minority patent practitioners make up only a small percentage of the patent profession. Like millions of innovative individuals, MIRIAM E. BENJAMIN (1861-1947) was active in multiple inventive markets, as the patentee of two inventions, and assignee on another. For instance, most patent attorneys prefer to work at private companies over public companies. One could debate the number of accomplished black patent attorneys. We've been helping experienced inventors, first-time inventors, and businesses (and their in-house legal teams) protect their inventions and brands with patents and trademarks since 2004. The industry-leading media platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities for future success. Feeling a personal connection to the enterprise was critical. Thats why the change in the conversation over the last two weeks has been so significant, he said. No one brought up the possibility, said Sheppard, who was previously a director of the PTOs midwest regional office. This chart breaks down the ages of patent attorney employees. However, it was common for patent practitioners at the time to acquire patent expertise through informal means, including apprenticeships, correspondence courses, and learning by doing as patentees. Surfing Trademark Issues on the Web (F&L White Paper, 9/06; Crafting an Effective Patent Invalidity OpinionIs it the Last Bastion of Defense? (PLI, 2003-2006; Being and Finding Good Mentors (BWLA, 3/06), Trade Secret Protection in the 21st Century (F&L Litigation Conference, 12/05), The Dilution DilemmaLitigating Dilution Claims and the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2005 (ABA/Navigant Consulting IP Roundtable, 12/05), IP Roundtable on Key Patent Appellate Cases, including, Digital, Wireless & New Media TechnologiesIs Your IP Future in the Right Hands? (Chair/Founder, F&L 1st Annual IP Conference, 9/05), "Discovery Issues in Patent Litigation (PLI, 9/05), Internet-Related Trademark Litigation Issues & Trends (INTA, 5/05), New Insights into IP Law in ChinaPresenter on Trade Secret Protection (F&L Corporate Counsel Seminar, 3/05), Preparing to Initiate or Defend a Patent Lawsuit (ABA, 10/04), IP Litigation: Avoiding the Money Pit (, How Do You Measure Up? Its almost hard to know where to start, Gills said. Black IP Lawyers Who've Made It Look to Grow Ranks Beyond 1.7% Bloomberg Law August 6, 2020 "The rarity of being a Black intellectual property lawyer in the United States hits home for the 1.7% of attorneys who fit that description." Read the article Past results do not guarantee future results. Cooley partner Joseph Drayton, the immediate past president of the National Bar Association, would certainly belong on such a list, Turner said. Often, key first year law courses leave no room for electives like intellectual property, meaning students may not get exposure to the subject matter. As you can see, patent examiner and patent attorney have the biggest difference in gender. Her first patent, dated July 17, 1888, was for gong and signal chairs to be used in dining-rooms, in hotels, restaurants, steamboats, railroad-trains, theaters, the hall of the Congress of the United States, the halls of the legislatures of the various States, for the use of all deliberative bodies, and for the use of invalids in hospitals. She effectively used the media, and her improvement was widely publicized by newspaper articles and features in womens magazines. Part of the reason: The path to advancement at a law firm is to be a lead lawyer on a matter, Turner said. You can start at some IP law firms in a technical specialist position, where you provide technical and scientific backup to attorneys while learning the law, Longsworth said. Theres a lack of visibility -- I wouldnt say I didnt know it existed, but it never occurred to me, as a career. Some of those effects still linger, according to those who have studied the issue. Tailoring was a relatively easy craft for African-Americans to enter, whether male or female. I think we have this vision of inventors as this person alone in a garage but really invention and patenting is a team sport, said Holly Fechner, a partner at Covington & Burling LLP, who has written about closing the diversity gaps in innovation. Using the Census Bureau data, we found out how the percentage of each ethnic category trended between 2010-2019 among patent attorneys. I could see the beads of sweat on his forehead, because he was probably like, Oh my God, Gills said, Is my GC going to think she is fabulous?. Segregation laws also made it harder for Blacks to patent their inventions. The most common ethnicity among patent attorneys is White, which makes up 75.3% of all patent attorneys. That bothered Turner. https://www.law.com/therecorder/2020/06/12/take-that-on-black-patent-attorneys-say-its-time-they-are-recognized/. For example, the highest salary of patent attorneys is $127,683. Patent attorneys are 69% more likely to work at private companies in comparison to public companies. Her second invention was a sole for footwear that was patented in 1917 in the United States and in Canada. The Bureau of Labor Statistics came in clutch when it came down to figuring out how the unemployment rate has changed over time. The initiative's progress, as well as that of IPReg, the regulator for patent and trademark attorneys in the UK, has been documented previously. Raychelle Tasher Company: U.S.. Organizations like the National Bar Association, the largest national network of predominantly African American attorneys and judges, or the Chicago Black Partners Alliance can provide lists. Well also continue to have events that arm us with the tools we need to thrive professionally. All three credit mentorssome black, some whitewith making a difference in their careers. The same goes for the privilege and willingness to take advantage of systemic racism that we all witnessed in the recent video from Central Park, he said, referring to a viral video of Amy Cooper calling the cops on Christian Cooper, a black man who asked that she leash her dog. District of Columbia is the best state for patent attorneys to live. *** In 1906, the Boston Daily Globe reported that Through the untiring efforts of Miss Miriam E. Benjamin of Boston, a clerk in one of the Departments at Washington, $10,482 has been awarded Samuel Lee, a negro, who was elected to congress 25 years ago, but never sworn in. Benjamin lobbied to bring the bill to aid Samuel Lee before Congress nine times, until it finally passed in 1906. At the time, applicants were required to take an oath of citizenshipthe same year the high court ruled out citizenship for Blacks in Dred Scott v. Sanford. By comparison, 5% of attorneys in the U.S. are Black, according to the American Bar Association. I say its largely an excuse, because there are people who do exist, she said. 342B Park Avenue Unit B2 Patrice Jean, a molecular biology Ph.D. and co-chair of Hughes Hubbard & Reeds life sciences group; Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox partner Eldora Ellison; Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner partner Mareesa Frederick and others would qualify for such a list, Turner said. Law.com Compass includes access to our exclusive industry reports, combining the unmatched expertise of our analyst team with ALMs deep bench of proprietary information to provide insights that cant be found anywhere else. Chemistry (University of Utah, 1988), Ph.D. Chemistry (Univeristy of California at Berkeley, 1993), Admitted in Washington, Minnesota, and New York. Our Membership Committee is actively working to bring back our members-only Mentorship Program, which will help members step outside of their comfort zones, astutely navigate the corporate landscape, and otherwise grow personally and professionally. Black or Afro-American Inventors PATENT AND INVENTION INDEX INVENTOR INVENTION DATE PATENT Page 1 of 10 A Abrams, W. B. Hame Attachment April 14, 1891 450,550 Allen, C. W. Self-Leveling Table November 1, 1898 613,436 Allen, J. To contact the reporter on this story: Matthew Bultman in New York at mbultman@correspondent.bloomberglaw.com, To contact the editors responsible for this story: Keith Perine at kperine@bloomberglaw.com; Cheryl Saenz at csaenz@bloombergtax.com, Learn more about a Bloomberg Law subscription, Photo Illustration; Jonathan Hurtarte/Bloomberg Law; Photos: Getty Images, Photo by Thomas S. England/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images/Getty Images; Photo by Kean Collection/Getty Images; Photo by Bettmann Archive/Getty Images, federal intellectual property legislation, Black inventors vastly underrepresented in patent system, Scholars say diversity gap has deep historical roots.

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