A normal shock wave exists in an airflow. These cookies do not store any personal information. A B. Deep fascia, epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. This chart was made for those who need to learn the location of each muscle in the human body, as well as for those taking an Anatomy & Physiology . 2. 2023 Other clinical features of accessory nerve damage include muscle wasting, partial paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid, and anasymmetrical neckline. However, when acting individually, each muscle causes lateral flexion of the neck and rotation of the head to the same side. (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor? Deep veins in the arms/upper extremities include: radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins. The spinalis thoracis muscle is supplied by dorsal branches of the superior and posterior intercostal arteries, and branches of the lumbar arteries. Muscle 3. In other places, the mysia may fuse with a broad, tendon-like sheet called an aponeurosis, or to fascia, the connective tissue between skin and bones. The light chains play a regulatory role at the hinge region, but the heavy chain head region interacts with actin and is the most important factor for generating force. This can be done by asking the patient to shrug his/her shoulders. Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Whats the difference between superficial fascia and deep fascia? End of the Sarcomere In skeletal muscles that work with tendons to pull on bones, the collagen in the three connective tissue layers intertwines with the collagen of a tendon. Where does the deep cervical fascia lie in the body? Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single cylindrical muscle cell. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. It is deep to the superficial pectoral muscles (descending and transverse pectoral muscles). The opposite of superficial is deep, which indicates that a structure is further away from the external surface of the body. The connective tissue covering furnish support and protection for the delicate cells and allow them to withstand the forces of contraction. The pectoral fascia is a thin lamina, covering the surface of the Pectoralis major, and sending numerous prolongations between its fasciculi: it is attached, in the middle line, to the front of the sternum; above, to the clavicle; laterally and below it is continuous with the fascia of the shoulder, axilla, and thorax. CONTACT : 1800 212 7858 / +91 9372462318. 6 Whats the difference between superficial fascia and deep fascia? The levatores costarum, interspinales and intertransversarii muscles form the deepest layer of the deep back muscles and are sometimes referred to as the segmental muscles or the minor deep back muscles. Troponin I (TnI) binds to actin, troponin T (TnT) binds to tropomyosin, and troponin C (TnC) binds to calcium ions. The epidermis is subdivided into five layers or strata: stratum basale. The belly button is a ventral structure on a human and a dog. What covers each individual muscle fiber? Thick filaments without myosin heads, 1. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. Which of the following pilgrims is feared like a plague? The veins located deep inside your body are known as deep veins. Reading time: 1 minute. The iliocostalis muscle forms the lateral column of the erector spinae muscle group. This system divides the deep and superficial adipose tissue of the face and has region-specific morphology. The superficial neck muscles are found on the sides of the neck closest to the surface. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To test the accessory nerve, trapezius function can be assessed. 1 What are the layers of muscle from superficial to deep? What bands change in size during a muscle contraction? It passes superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle A. 2 What is superficial fascia and deep fascia? The intrinsic or deep muscles are those muscles that fuse with the vertebral column. Played. concerned with or comprehending only what is on the surface or obvious: a superficial observer. Myofibrils It was created by member bv3833 and has 10 questions. What do the C cells of the thyroid secrete? What is superficial fascia of pectoral region? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Fust with muscle fibers What are the layers of muscle from superficial to deep? Endomysium Deepest layer. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Three parts of the muscle were clearly delineated in all cadaveric specimens: (1) the classically recognized superficial part, (2) a zygomatic part, and (3) a complex deep part. The filament sliding process of contraction can only occur when myosin-binding sites on the actin filaments are exposed by a series of steps that begins with Ca++ entry into the sarcoplasm. What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed? There is a risorius muscle located on either side of the lips in . Directions. Which type of chromosome region is identified by C-banding technique? Contains glycogen and myoglobin, 1. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Within the fasciculus, each individual muscle cell, called a muscle fiber, is surrounded by connective tissue called the endomysium. Skeletal muscles have an abundant supply of blood vessels and nerves. It is also innervated by the deep branch of the perineal nerve. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. a. Superficial Back Muscles b. Found an error? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. For example, the spine is deep in the body, while the skin is superficial. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. A small motor has one neuron supplying few skeletal muscle fibers for very fine movements, like the extraocular eye muscles, where six fibers are supplied by one neuron. noun. Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle. Muscle Fiber 5. Troponin and tropomyosin run along the actin filaments and control when the actin binding sites will be exposed for binding to myosin. It is one of the muscles that forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck. Hydrophobic spheres that stick to each other and combine to form a helix, Wraps around actin to stabilize the filament, Pull and releases tropomyosin to cover and uncover myosin-binding sites on actin, Calcium concentrations that determine what Troponin's strength is on tropomyosin, Remove Tropomyosin from the myosin-binding sites on actin, Protein that covers the myosin binding sites on actin to prevent a cross bridge from forming, 1. For example, skin lies superficial tomuscles which indicates that skin is closer to the surface of the body when compared to muscles. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Superficial veins are important physiologically for cooling of the body. From superficial to deep, the correct order of muscle structure is a. deep fascia, epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium b. epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, and deep fascia c. deep fascia, endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium d. endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, and deep fascia Calculate your paper price Academic level Deadline Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A deep vein is usually a large veinway larger than the superficial veinsrunning through the muscles of the thigh and calf. The main function of the deep fascia is to support and protect muscles and other soft tissue structures. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan. 8p Image Quiz. Watch this video to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. Then it is filled with 0.226 g of N2N_{2}N2. The trapezius is a broad, flat and triangular muscle. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Within the filament, each globular actin monomer (G-actin) contains a myosin binding site and is also associated with the regulatory proteins, troponin and tropomyosin. 6. The temporalis muscle, along with its deep temporal vessels, passes beneath the zygomatic arch and attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible (Fig. It does not store any personal data. 2. Deep back muscles: want to learn more about it? In particular, operations such as cervical lymph node biopsy or cannulation of the internal jugularveincan cause trauma to the nerve. The five layers from superficial to deep are: S- Skin: It is thick and has large number of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands. Cancer Registration & Surveillance Modules, Classification & Structure of Blood Vessels, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. These muscles can be subdivided into four layers - superficial, intermediate, deep (transversospinales) and deepest. The outermost layer of the wall of the heart is also the innermost layer of the pericardium, the epicardium, or the visceral pericardium discussed earlier. A deep vein is located beside an artery that has the same name. The soleus muscle also plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum The striations of skeletal muscle are created by the organization of actin and myosin filaments resulting in the banding pattern of myofibrils. Each compartment contains a bundle of muscle fibers. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Deep Layer. These veins tend to be the ones that protrude when you are working out or lifting something heavy. It was created by member bv3833 and has 9 questions. Hundreds of myosin proteins are arranged into each thick filament with tails toward the M-line and heads extending toward the Z-discs. English. Explore. Muscle fibers range from 10 to 80 micrometers in diameter and may be up to 35 cm long. deep back muscles . In your core, the outermost muscle is the rectus abdominus. They consist of short rotatores (rotatores breves) which attach to the spinous processes of adjacent superior vertebrae and long rotatores (rotatores longi) which attach to vertebrae two levels up. The deep cervical fascia lies, as its name suggests, deep to the superficial fascia and platysma muscle. The first two groups ( superficial and intermediate) are referred to as the extrinsic back muscles. Likes. 146. Value. Mainly thin filaments composed of Actin, Light region at the center of the A band Learn the attachments, innervations and functions of the deep back muscles faster and easier with our muscle charts! Fig 1.0 The superficial muscles of the back. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. The deep back muscles extend along the entire length of the spine. The basilic and cephalic veins, which are superficial veins, contribute to the axillary vein, though many anatomic variations occur. The iliocostalis thoracis is supplied by the dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries, while the dorsal branches of the lumbar and lateral sacral arteries supply the iliocostalis lumborum. For example, bones in an appendage are located deeper than the muscles. Skeletal muscle fibers are long, multinucleated cells. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? Superficial fascia is viscoelastic (like a Tempur-like pillow). Back Muscles: The muscles of the back that work together to support the spine, help keep the body upright and allow twist and bend in many directions. Anatomy and human movement: structure and function (6th ed.). The term superficial is a directional term used to describe the position of one structure relative to the surface of the body or to another underlying structure. Sarcomeres, 1. Routing number of commercial bank of Ethiopia? The musculophrenic artery supplies the superior part of the superficial anterolateral abdominal wall. The second group is the superficial muscles, which help with shoulder and neck movements. Cytoplasm The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. Generally, an artery and at least one vein accompany each nerve that penetrates the epimysium of a skeletal muscle. due to a medical procedure). They also assist with extension of the cervical and lumbar spine. From superficial to deep, these are the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium (see Figure 4). Epidermis Epidermis. Examples . Major Surface Muscles Biceps brachii- origin: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of glenoid fossa Short head: Coracoid process of scapula and upper lip of g. Dogs Muscular System Just like with humans dogs have voluntary and involuntary muscles. Superficial muscles. The superficial muscle layer is composed of the splenius muscles (spinotransversales muscles), which are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. The main function of the multifidus is to stabilize the vertebrae during movements of the spine. 2. Like the longissimus, the spinalis muscle is divided into three parts: The attachments of the spinalis muscle are shown in the table below: The innervation of the spinalis muscle comes from the lateral branches of the posterior/dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic and lumbar). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. How to you make Muscle Fibers/Cells bigger? The high density of collagen fibers gives the deep fascia its strength and integrity. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Vertebral, deep cervical, occipital, transverse cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral arteries. Where do Muscle Fibers/Cells obtain the nuclei? part [noun] something which, together with other things, makes a whole; a piece. In dogs : The deep group is the intrinsic muscle group. Epimysium is the membrane that is responsible for surrounding the entire surface of the muscles of the heart, arms, legs, and trunk. B C. C D. D E. E 9. soleus calf muscle The soleus calf muscle is deeper than the gastrocnemius. It inserts onto the heel bone along with the gastrocnemius via the Achilles tendon. Some skeletal muscles are broad in shape and some narrow. Therefore, scalp is the commonest site of sebaceous cysts. This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles their attachments, innervations and functions. In this anatomy course, part of the Anatomy Specialization, you will learn how the components of the integumentary system help protect our body (epidermis, dermis, hair, nails, and glands), and how the musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, and skeletal muscles) protects and allows the body to move. Played. They receive blood supply from dorsal branches of respective regional arteries, namely the vertebral, deep cervical, occipital, transverse cervical, superior and posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries. Fascia, connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles. For example, bones in an appendage are located deeper than the muscles. From superficial to deep the correct order of muscle structure is? Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. How does sexual reproduction affect a population's genetic variation? The coronal plane (frontal or Y-X plane) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front) portions. All rights reserved. 4th ed. What is are the functions of diverse organisms? Cross bridges form between the thick and thin filaments and the thin filaments are pulled which slide past the thick filaments within the fibers sarcomeres. Each individual muscle fiber is covered in an insulating fibrous connective tissue called endomysium. A deep vein is a vein that is deep in the body. Superficial: splenius capitis Splenius capitis is one of the deep back muscles that is associated with rotating and extending the head and neck. Fascia is a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. The semispinalis muscle has a unique function due to its attachment to the skull. (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance? Each organ or muscle consists of skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood or vascular tissue. Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into bundles, called fascicles, surrounded by a middle layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. It plays a key role in facial expression by connecting mimetic muscles to the dermis. Medicine. Nuclei leave the satellite cell and go into the muscle fibers Bilateral contraction of the muscle results in extension of the vertebral column at all levels, while unilateral contraction produces ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the vertebral column. The thick filaments are anchored at the middle of the sarcomere (the M-line) by a protein called myomesin. deep muscles of thigh. Clinically oriented anatomy (8th ed.). What are the superficial fascia of a muscle fiber? Each layer contains specific muscles listed below. The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups - superficial, intermediate and deep: This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles - their attachments, innervations and functions. The splenius capitis muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4. The deep venous system of the calf includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal veins. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? The endomysium surrounds the extracellular matrix of the cells and plays a role in transferring force produced by the muscle fibers to the tendons. Branches of the nerve and blood vessels follow the connective tissue components of the muscle of a nerve cell and with one or more minute blood vessels called capillaries. Deep: In anatomy, away from the surface or further into the body. The various parts of the semispinalis muscle are vascularized by branches of the occipital, deep cervical, vertebral and dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries. It is important to note that while the sarcomere shortens, the individual proteins and filaments do not change length but simply slide next to each other. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. What is fascia? There are two rhomboid muscles major and minor. Original Author(s): Oliver Jones Last updated: October 29, 2020 They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder - the clavicle, scapula and humerus. (2017). These actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to cause shortening of sarcomeres and the cells to produce force. Is our article missing some key information? Other structural proteins are associated with the sarcomere but do not play a direct role in active force production. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Creator. Medicine. 2020. The blood supply for both muscles comes from the vertebral, occipital, superior intercostal, deep cervical and transverse cervical arteries. Superficial Fascia Traditionally, it is described as being made up of membranous layers with loosely packed interwoven collagen and elastic fibers. These are the most prominent muscles of the neck that you can see and feel when you rotate your head . The tendon and aponeurosis form indirect attachments from muscles to the periosteum of bones or to the connective tissue of other muscles. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? 2. Objective: To determine the relative contributions of the muscles, tendons, and accessory ligaments to the passive force-length properties of the superficial (SDF) and deep digital flexor (DDF) myotendinous complexes. Which is the most extensive form of fascia? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Functional anatomy: Musculoskeletal anatomy, kinesiology, and palpation for manual therapists. All rights reserved. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of various integrated tissues. Terms in this set (4) Epimysium. The back muscles can be three types. It contains fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, glands, and nerves. An example of superficial is someone who is only interested in how they and others look. The nerve supply to the multifidus muscle is derived from the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves in the corresponding cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. Deep veins are thicker than superficial veins and buried throughout the most inner parts of the body below the skin. The superficial fascia is a loose connective tissue layer immediately deep to the skin. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. How is the fascia a connective tissue of the body? 16 points. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, everybody has veins and arteries that go to all the parts of the body, so thats at least 34 main veins, and many more smaller veins connecting with the capillaries. Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium. These muscles lie on each side of the vertebral column, deep to the thoracolumbar fascia. The major function of these muscles is to stabilize the adjoining vertebrae of the vertebral column. English. Is Clostridium difficile Gram-positive or negative? They range from extremely tiny strands such as the stapedium muscle of the middle ear to large masses such as the muscles of the thigh. The behavior of the entire medial gastrocnemius (MG) superficial and deep aponeurosis structure was investigated with velocity-encoded phase-contrast, spin-tag, and three-dimensional morphometric magnetic resonance imaging. The length of the A band does not change (the thick myosin filament remains a constant length), but the H zone and I band regions shrink. (c) What is the double strand of pearls described in the video? They stretch between the skull and pelvis and lie on either side of the spine. They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder the clavicle, scapula and humerus. The intermuscular septa and the antebrachial fascia also provide partial origins, and some muscles have additional bony origins [].Proceeding from the lateral to the medial direction, there are the pronator teres (PT), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus (PL . Epimysium Outermost layer. Assume that the pressure of the gas is low enough for the gas to obey the ideal-gas law to a high degree of accuracy. They originate from the transverse processes of C7-T11 vertebrae and travel inferolaterally to insert between the tubercle and the angle of the corresponding rib below. Superficial: want to learn more about it? 4. (c) To avoid prolongation of muscle contraction. The definition of superficial is something on the surface or a person concerned only about obvious things. Superficial mimetic muscles, which receive their neurovascular supply to their posterior surface, include the orbicularis oculi, platysma, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, and risorius. The blood supply of the spinalis cervicis and capitis muscles is provided by muscular branches of the vertebral, deep cervical, and occipital arteries. Deep - muscles closest to the bone--the innermost layer. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. Where is superficial on the body? The Superficial Front Line starts with the muscles on top of your feet, travels up the shin bone, connects into the quads, and then up through the core into the rectus abdominis and ends in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) on each side of the neck. Deeply situated mimetic muscles, which receive their neurovascular supply to their anterior surface, include the buccinator, mentalis, and levator anguli oris. The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the sarcolemma (from the Greek sarco, which means flesh) and the cytoplasm is referred to as sarcoplasm(Figure 10.2.2). The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a form of endoplasmic reticulum. The membrane of the cell is the sarcolemma; the cytoplasm of the cell is the sarcoplasm. The spinalis muscle is the smallest and most medial of the erector spinae muscle group. Layers of the Epidermis Stratum corneum Most superficial layer Consists of 20-30 layers of dead keratinocytes that are void of organelles Stratum lucidum Only found in hairless skin (fingertips, palms, soles of feet) Contains several layers of dead keratinocytes Stratum granulosum Contains 3-5 layers . Make the changes yourself here! According to standard textbooks of anatomy, the superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue is described as a layer of loose areolar connective or adipose tissue that connects the skin to the underlying bones or deep fascia (3). The rhomboid minor is situated superiorly to the major. Feeling a bit overwhelmed? All these muscles are therefore associated with movements of the upper limb. Use spdfspdfspdf and noble gas notations to give the electron configurations of these two elements. They are commonly used in both human and zoological anatomy to describe the location or direction of bodily structures. [caption id="attachment_10914" align="aligncenter" width="574"]. There are three layers of connective tissue: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. by bv3833. Deep to the multifidus are the small rotatores (rotator muscles), which are the deepest of this muscle group. Reading time: 21 minutes. The superficial and intermediate muscles do not develop in the back, and are classified as extrinsic muscles. See Superficial Muscles of the Human Body for more examples. The term superficial is a directional term used to describe the position of one structure relative to the surface of the body or to another underlying structure. Deep veins are almost always beside an artery with the same name (e.g. Bilateral contraction of these muscles extends the vertebral column, while unilateral contraction causes rotation of the trunk to the contralateral side. All these muscles are therefore associated with movements of the upper limb. These thin filaments are anchored at the Z-disc and extend toward the center of the sarcomere. The H zone in the middle of the A band is a little lighter in color because it only contain the portion of the thick filaments that does not overlap with the thin filaments (i.e. It is a long, broad, strap-like muscle found deep to the trapezius muscle. Last reviewed: July 19, 2022 The muscle is divided into three regions according to its attachments: The attachments of the iliocostalis muscle are shown in the table below: The iliocostalis is innervated by lateral branches of the posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves. Subclavian artery Subclavian vein Thoracic duct Thyrocervical trunk Vagus nerve A. by . You will engage with fascinating videos . Gluteus medius and minimus are hip abductors and medial rotators. When acting together, both muscles produce extension of the neck. Sophie Stewart It is divided into three regions based on their attachments: The attachments of the longissimus muscle are shown in the table below: The nerve supply to the various parts of the longissimus muscle is by branches of the posterior rami of the corresponding regional spinal nerves. Open menu. Skeletal muscles vary considerably in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The splenius muscles both originate from the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae: The splenius muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical spinal nerves. Learn all the anatomical terms and planes with the following study unit. Image Quiz. From superficial to deep lie the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus. Veins of the thigh. All of these muscles are innervated by the segmental branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves, and are supplied by several arteries along the various regions of the vertebral column. It also acts as a protective padding to cushion and insulate. Superficial veins are both the ones you see on the surface and some larger more important ones that lurk below the surface, not visible to the eye. Titin, which is the largest known protein, helps align the thick filament and adds an elastic element to the sarcomere. Once you've finished editing, click 'Submit for Review', and your changes will be reviewed by our team before publishing on the site. The deep back muscles act together to provide support and maintain the bodys posture, as well as to produce movements of the head, neck, and trunk. Striated muscle cells are multinucleated. Kenhub. Nerves are structurally very similar to skeletal muscle in that each nerve has three separate layers of fascia, just like each muscle. muscle cell membrane. Cael, C. (2010). Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Creator. The thin filaments are composed of two filamentous actin chains (F-actin) comprised of individual actin proteins (Figure 10.2.3). The muscles on each side form a trapezoid shape. 3. The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. 5. What is the function of superficial fascia? 2023 When the body is too hot the body shunts blood from the deep veins to the superficial veins, to facilitate heat transfer to the surroundings.
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superficial to deep muscle structure