Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? The table below shows the common types of hard engineering. Key Demand of the question: To write about India's priority with respect to Africa in its foreign policy and the major areas of cooperation. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? - It extends 60km from Flamborough in the north to Spurn Point in the south. Q.7 Given below are four statements about Watershed Management as practised in India. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. North Norfolk is a very good example of an area where the coast in under constant threat from erosion. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are highly vulnerable . Given its importance, careful consideration needs to be given to managing the coastline to ensure that its resources are utilised wisely while preserving its natural beauty and processes. Of all the hard engineering approaches, groynes are the most problematic as sediment builds up behind them on the uplift side, extending the beach seaward. Low-lying coastal areas are high-risk areas regarding sea-level rise (SLR) due to the combination of low elevation, subsidence and currently low sediment supply, on the one hand, and their high natural and socio-economic values, on the other. In order to manage and protect the coast it is necessary to understand the different physical processes that affect it, the way that the land is used and the interests of those who inhabit it. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? Mangrove roots keep soil in place, which dissipates wave energy and prevents erosion. 4: Wooden revetment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sturdy_revetments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1119250.jpg) by Evelyn Simak (https://www.geograph.org.uk/profile/14840) Licensed by CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en), Fig. Studying with Academic Integrity. Hard engineering involves building artificial structures that aim to prevent erosion. This is where all coastline elements (land, water, people, and the economy) are managed with one integrated strategy. Hard Engineering. The United Kingdom also needs to manage its coastline as the next two case studies will show. It must involve all stakeholders, plan for the long term, and work with the natural processes and not against them. They effectively prevent erosion in the desired area, but they are expensive and have a significant environmental impact due to the use of concrete and other artificial materials. High level of poverty and inequality (90% of wealth is controlled by 15% of the population). Chemical analysis of water samples, field observations, and a structured survey questionnaire was used to assess the state of the lagoon. Requires maintenance and can be expensive. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. If not dealt with this water would encourage rock and sediments to slide to the cliff bottom. Sadly, the most vulnerable people and coastlines are the losers in less developed countries as they have no way of claiming compensation or there is no coastal management approach in place. HSK Level 4: B2, Upper-Intermediate [1.200 Characters]. The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project is working on two stretches of coastline: Gopalpur-Chilka and Paradip-Dhamra. (See figure below for an example of a large landslide on the Norfolk coast). They are stone, timber, or interlocking concrete sloping structures. Coastal management can be put into the four categories: By recreating a naturally functioning shoreline we free ourselves from the 'sea defence cycle' of construct, fail and reconstruct. This allows sand to settle, and increases dune size. In addition, the size, strength and height of the individual structures are usually large, and the transportation cost of the materials involved in the construction is high. Trees need to be sourced and require maintenance. The department of geography and environmental studies of the University of South Africa recently played a pivotal role in implementing an inter- and multidisciplinary undergraduate programme in environmental management. Governance approaches include Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs), Sustainable Integrated Approaches (SIA) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). North Norfolk case study for OCR GCSE Geography. Coastal Management Use the images below to find out more about each case study. Intense erosion means the coastline is only 50m from the main road. These may include the value of land, homes and businesses that will be protected. Soft engineering aims to work with and complement the physical environment by using natural coastal defence methods. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Before any management strategy is adopted, a Cost-Benefit analysis is done. Click the card to flip . This has caused much controversy within the local community who stand to lose their homes and livelihoods with this policy. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/landUseAndDevelopment/landslides/Sidestrand.html. Inexpensive hard engineering structure, but not very effective or attractive. Changing rates of rainforest deforestation. Human. Figure 5 Photo showing how the beach at Waxham has been deprived of sediment because of off shore bars at Sea Palling, http://www.marinet.org.uk/coastaldefences/smp.html. . 2.1 IMAGE SOURCES: Coastal land lies between the sea and the mainland. There are two types of coastal management, hard engineering, which involves building structures to protect the coast. High Energy Coastline made up of Limestone and Clay. Hard: Sea walls, Rock armour, Promenade Groynes Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. What are the disadvantages of a sea wall? Lyme Regis UK Case Study case study, coastal management: lyme regis, dorset, uk place specific info: lyme regis is a small town on the south coast of the uk and . Coastline management strategies involve hard or soft engineering. What challenges have been caused by urban growth in Mumbai? -The Sundarbans in the SW Bangladesh and E India, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahruptura and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengali. The dunes are then replanted with marram and lyme grass to stabilise the surface. Erosion is where the waves in the sea are wearing away the rocks at the coast. It is easy to construct and often used by anglers and sunbathers. The idea of cliff stabilisation is to limit the amount of erosion and the potential for landslides, collapse, and falling rocks. Educating communities about the need to adapt and protect the coastline for future generations. International scholarship collaborations. Beach nourishment artificially replacing the sediment on the beach. Certain areas of the coast are allowed to erode and flood naturally. The map below shows a range of management strategies and the impact these are having further along the coast. ['This book explores current threats to, and consequences of, climate change on existing tourism coastal destinations. This document is the prior work of another student. Figure 1 Map showing the Queensland coast and zoning areas of the Great Barrier Reef. It became apparent that a long term plan needed to be formulated, so in 1992 a number of measures were implemented. 2: Groynes at Mundesley in Norfolk, UK. What are the physical characteristics of cold environments? Creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. Natural ecosystems in Manila bay e.g. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. Smaller areas are not considered separately, unlike traditional methods. This programme prepares students for entry-level occupations, and equips them with the knowledge, skills and values needed to contribute to sustainable development. In 1896 the Council decided to link the two bays by the construction of a 1200 metre link road to be known as . Vegetation is planted as their roots help to stabilize the cliff structure and increase cohesion, consequently, the cliff will be more stable and less prone to cliff material slumping or sliding off. Anak Krakatau & Sunda Strait Tsunami Indonesia Case Study 2018. A coastline could be managed by hard engineering approaches such as a sea wall made of concrete with steel reinforcement and deep pile foundations. Modern sea walls are designed to dissipate wave energy. A Level regeneration case studies. How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? -Being able to cope with the challenges of the environment. -0.66 marks will be deducted as negative marks for each wrong answer. What problems are caused by global warming? A Level Geography OCR A Level Geography Coastal Landscapes Coastal Landscapes This topic is included in A Level Component 1 for OCR Geography. A shoreline management plan is a document which examines the risks associated with coastal processes and presents a policy to manage those risks. Odisha case study Coastal Systems and Landscapes Revision AQA Geography Coasts Revision ON EVERYTHING Teacher recommended coasts notes edexcel geography 2018 Coast, Water cycle and Insecurity case studies Emerging Powers Superpower predictions 2050 Superpowers India Geography Unit 3 pre-release Term. It usually involves extreme locations in terms of tides and waves; this inevitably makes construction difficult. From a physical geography perspective, the ICZM works with the concept of littoral cells. A range of management techniques has limited coastal erosion at Hornsea. The areas that this essay will use as case studies are; the Great Barrier Reef in Eastern Australia, Happisburgh in Norfolk and Southampton Water in Hampshire. British Council Scholarships for Women in STEM. This is a hard engineering method in coastal management (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groyne_at_Mundesley,_Norfolk.JPG) by MichaelMaggs (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MichaelMaggs) Licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), Fig. (4 marks) Assess the role of vegetation in the development of a sand dune landscape. What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? The SMP states that the approach to managing the coast needs to be sustainable, taking into account the economy, the environment, tourism and future development but acknowledges that the cost is likely to rise with time. Why is the Human Development Index important? Erosion rate is 5 m per year (dredging and wall construction in Liverpool makes less material available, Board walks for visitors (Don't trample on the sand), Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Each littoral cell is isolated from the adjacent cells and managed as a holistic unit. They can have a step or bullnose profile. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. the entire coastal zone needs to be managed, the importance of the coastal zone to peoples livelihoods. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? 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However the council maintain that the high cost involved in holding the line is not justified by their cost/benefit analysis (http://www.marinet.org.uk). The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". How has demand for water in the UK changed? It recognises the importance of the coast for peoples livelihoods. However, they increasingly face a threat from rising global sea levels, although there is uncertainty about the scale and timing of the rise. 1. (1 Mark) c) Explain how a beach is formed. This paper is objective in nature (100 MCQs in 2 hours). In addition, reducing erosion in one area of the coastline may exacerbate erosion elsewhere. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business; Design & Technology. Everything you need for your studies in one place. The isentropic turbine efficiency is 92%92 \%92%. Beach nourishment is where the sediment lost through erosion is replaced. Disasters that often occur due to climate change and subsidence result in the destruction of coastal communities' property, loss of life, agricultural land cannot produce optimally, and tsunamis, tidal floods, and liquefaction are increasingly common. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. 3: Gabion reinforced with earth in Sveti Rok, Croatia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SvetiRok.jpg) by Antonio Canfora (no profile) Licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), Fig. 3 - Gabion reinforced with earth in Sveti Rok, Croatia. Local, regional, and national levels of authority must work and manage coasts together. They are usually constructed of concrete with steel reinforcement and have deep pile foundations. This is where fences are erected seaward of the dunes preventing trampling from recreational beach users. Where are the areas of water deficit and surplus in the UK? Land use in coastal area includes tourism, fishing, industry and transport. They cost $1 million dollars each, 80 metres long. Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. How many sediment cells and SMP's are there in the UK? Not Subscribed Subscribe to A Level Geography to access 600+ resources, plus 18 new Factsheets each year. Sign up to highlight and take notes. To achieve this, a variety of teaching methods are employed, including: lectures, practicals, tutorials . The reef is a vitally important area, firstly in terms of conserving the diverse wildlife and ecosystem that is there and secondly because it provides major security benefits to coastal communities and provides significant income for Australias economy in the form of tourism (http://www.wwf.org.au). Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, people's homes and livelihood and should not cost too much.
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coastal management case study a level geography